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LOVE LAB
This page augmented July 1, 2005
endureth all things.
(PANta hypoMEnei)
Versions
KJV, ASV, Wes, Rhe: "endureth all things"
RSV,NWT, Darby, NRSV, WEB, NASB, NKJV, DR, HCSB, MKJV, LITV, LONT, ESV, UTV, NET: "endures all things"
Gen: "it endureth all things"
Rot: "all things, endureth"
Mur: "and endureth all"
ED: "all things endures"
AMP: "and it endures everything [without weakening]"
Good: "[It will ...] endure anything"
NJB: "[It is always ready ...] to endure whatever comes"
CPV: "all-enduring"
MNT: "enduring"
CLNT: "is enduring all"
YLT: "all it endureth"
Wey: "full of patient endurance"
REB: "[there is no limit to ...] its endurance"
NLT: "and endures through every circumstance"
NIV: "always perseveres"
ICB: "and always continues strong"
NCV: "and always remains strong"
WENT: "and never gives up"
GWT: "never gives up"
Mes: "But keeps going to the end"
TEV: "and patience never fail"
ISV: "And never will she fall"
LB: "[If you love someone, you will ...] always stand your ground in defending him"
CEV: "and trusting"
Tyn: "endureth in all thynges"
1st: "it susteeneth alle things"
Wyc: "it susteyneth alle thingis"
Vul: "omnia sustinet"
RVR: "todo lo soporta"
CEI: "tutto sopporta"
FLS: "elle supporte tout"
FD: "endure tout"
Luther: "sie duldet alles"
Elb: "sie erduldet alles"
BPKS: "sve podnosi"
Into the Original Greek
(All from Zodhiates, Word Study Dictionary of the NT, 1992, unless otherwise noted.)
Root, Definitions, and Cross-References
Word: hypoMEno- (5278), future hypomeNO-, from hyPO (5259), under, and MEno- (3306),to remain.

Definitions: Involves putting up with things or circumstances (vs. makrothyMEo-, which has to do more with people).

  1. To remain under, i.e., to persevere, endure, sustain, bear up under, suffer, as a load of miseries, adversities, persecutions or provocations with faith.
  2. To remain privately, stay behind.

References:

  1. 1 Cor. 13:7; Matt. 24:13; Mark 13:13; Rom. 12:12; 2 Tim. 2:10,12; Heb. 10:32; 12:2,3,7; James 1:12; 5:11; 1 Pet. 2:20.
  2. Luke 2:43; Acts 17:14.
Derivative
Word: hypomoNE- (5281), genitive hypomoNE-S, feminine noun from hypoMEno-, to persevere, remain under.

Definition: A bearing up under, patience, endurance as to things or circumstances. This is in contrast to makrothyMIa (3115), long-suffering or endurance toward people. hypomoNE- is associated with hope and refers to that quality of character which does not allow one to surrender to circumstances or succumb under trial.

  1. Particularly with the genitive of thing borne, as evils.
  2. Generally meaning endurance, patience, perseverance or constancy under suffering in faith and duty.
    • Used in an absolute sense.
    • By the genitive of that in or to which one perseveres.
    • Followed by the genitive of person.
    • Specifically patience as a quality of mind, the bearing of evils and suffering with tranquil mind.

References:

  1. 2 Cor. 1:6.
  2.  
    • Luke 8:15; Rom. 8:25; 2 Cor. 6:4; 12:12; Col. 1:11; Heb. 10:36; 12:1; James 1:3,4; 2 Pet. 1:6; Rev. 2:3.
    • Rom. 2:7; 1 Thess. 1:3; 2 Thess. 3:5; Rev. 1:9; 3:10.
    • Luke 21:19; 2 Thess. 1:4; James 5:11; Rev. 2:2,19, the precept of constancy toward God; 13:10; 14:12.
    • Rom. 5:3,4; 15:4,5, God who bestows patience; 1 Tim. 6:11; 2 Tim. 3:10; Titus 2:2; Septuagint Ezra 10:2; Ps. 9:19.
Synonyms
(Sharing a Relevant Semantic Affinity)
Word: aNEkho- (430), future aNExo-, middle voice aNEkhomai, from aNA (303), in, and Ekho-, to have.

Definition: To hold up or back from falling, e.g., the rain. To hold in or back, restrain, stop. To hold oneself upright, to bear up, hold out, endure.

  1. Spoken of things, to endure, bear patiently, with the genitive as afflictions.
  2. Used in an absolute sense.
  3. Spoken of persons (see under makrothyMIa.)

References:

  1. 2 Thess. 1:4; Septuagint Is. 42:14.
  2. 1 Cor. 4:12; 2 Cor. 11:20.
Word: hypoPHEro- (5297), future hypoIso-, aorist hyPE-nenka, from hyPO (5259), under, and PHEro-, to bring, bear.

Definition: To underpin, bear up from underneath, support, sustain. In the NT figuratively meaning to bear up under, endure evils.

References:
1 Cor. 10:13; 2 Tim. 3:11; 1 Pet. 2:19; Septuagint Ps. 69:8; Prov. 18:14.

Word: karteREo- (2594), contracted karteRO-, future karteRE-so-, from karteROS, strength.

Definition: To be strong, steadfast, firm, to endure, hold out, bear the burden. In Heb. 11:27, meaning that he endured severe yet voluntary exile with strength and courage.

Word: hypECHo- (5254), future hyPExo-, from hyPO, under, and ECHo-, to have.

Definition: Literally to hold under, meaning to undergo, experience. In the NT with DIke- (1349), justice, meaning punishment as in Jude 1:7, to pay or suffer punishment.

Word: basTAzo- (941), future, basTAso-, from BAsis (939), basis, foot.

Definition: In the NT, generally it means to take up and hold, to bear.

  1. Transitive: to take up and hold, especially in the hands. To take up and bear, take up and bear away or take away. To take upon oneself and bear.
  2. To bear, carry in the hands or on the shoulders. Used to refer to carrying a cross. Used in phrase "bear my name" meaning to announce, publish. Used in the sense of to bear up, support.
  3. Metaphorically it means to bear, support, endure, i.e., labors, sufferings. The punishment incurred by being foolish. To bear patiently. Metaphorically in the sense of to receive, understand.
  4. To bear or carry about as attached to one's person as a synonym to hypECHo- (5254), to endure with patience. In the sense of to wear for which Classical Greek writers use phoREo- (5409), to bear, wear.

Derivative: dysBAStaktos (1419), hard to be borne, oppressive.

References:

  1. John 10:31; 20:15; Acts 21:35; Matt. 8:17, sickness, relating to Is. 53:4.
  2. Matt. 3:11, "whose shoes I am not worthy to bear," which was the duty of a servant; Mark 14:13; Luke 22:10, "a pitcher of water"; Luke 14:27; John 19:17; Luke 7:14; John 12:6; Acts 3:2; 15:10; Gal. 6:5; Rev. 17:7; Acts 9:15; Rom. 11:18.
  3. Matt. 20:12, burden or weight, implied in Rev. 2:3; Gal. 5:10; Rom. 15:1; Gal. 6:2; Rev. 2:2; John 16:12.
  4. Acts 15:10; Gal. 6:17; Luke 11:27; 10:4.
Full Texts of Selected References

Mat. 24:13-- But he who stands firm (hypoMEInas) to the end will be saved. (NIV)
Alt.:--He who endures to the end will be saved. (RSV)
Alt.:--He that has endured to the end is the one that will be saved. (NWT)
Alt.:--The man who holds out to the end will be saved. (Phillips)

Rom. 12:12-- Be joyful in hope (te- elPIdi CHAIrontes), patient in affliction (te- THLIpsei hypoMENontes), faithful in prayer. (NIV)
Alt.:--In the hope rejoicing; in the affliction being patient, in the prayer constantly attending. (ED interlinear)
Alt.:--Rejoice in your hope, be patient in tribulation, be constant in prayer. (RSV)
Alt.:--Rejoice in hope, be patient under trial, persevere in prayer. (NAB)
Alt.:--Base your happiness on your hope in Christ. When troubles come endure them patiently; steadfastly maintain the habit of prayer. (Phillips)

Heb. 10:32-36-- Remember those earlier days after you had received the light, when you stood your ground (hypoMEInate) in a great contest (ATHle-sin) in the face of suffering.  33  Sometimes you were publicly exposed to insult and persecution; at other times you stood side by side with those who were so treated.  34  You sympathized (synepaTHE-sate) with those in prison and joyfully (meTA chaRAS) accepted the confiscation of your property, because you knew that you yourselves had better and lasting possessions.
35  So do not throw away your confidence (parre-SIan); it will be richly rewarded.  36  You need to persevere (hypomoNE-S) so that when you have done the will of God, you will receive what he has promised. (NIV)
Alt.:--Remember how it was with you in the past. In those days, after God's light had shone on you, you suffered many things, yet were not defeated by the struggle. ...
35  Do not lose your courage, then, because it brings with it a great reward.  36  You need to be patient, in order to do the will of God and receive what he promises. (TEV)

Heb. 12:6-7-- 'The Lord corrects everyone he loves, and punishes everyone he accepts as a son.'  7  Endure (hypoMEnete) what you suffer as being a father's punishment; your suffering shows that God is treating you as his sons. Was there ever a son who was not punished by his father? (TEV)
Alt.:--It is for discipline that you have to endure. ... (RSV)
Alt.:--It is for discipline you are enduring. ... (NWT)
Alt.:--Endure hardship as discipline; ... (NIV)
Alt.:--Bear what you have to bear as "chastening"--as God's dealing with you as sons. No true son ever grows up uncorrected by his father. (Phillips)

I Pet. 2:20-- But how is it to your credit if you receive a beating for doing wrong and endure (hypomeNEIte) it? But if you suffer for doing good and you endure (hypomeNEIte) it, this is commendable before God. (NIV)

Comments
William Barclay:  Love bears everything with triumphant fortitude. The verb which is used here (hupomenein) is one of the great Greek words. It is generally translated to bear or to endure; but what this word really describes is not the spirit which can sit down and passively bear things, but the spirit which, in bearing them, can conquer and transmute them. It has been defined as "a masculine constancy under trial."

George Matheson who lost his sight and who was disappointed in love wrote in one of his prayers that he might accept God's will, "Not with dumb resignation but with holy joy; not only with the absence of murmur but with a song of praise." Love can bear things, not with passive resignation, but with triumphant fortitude because it knows that God is love and that "a father's hand will never cause his child a needless tear."

BT Internet:  uJpomenw, endure, remain behind

"Like Christ on the cross, love endures scorn, failure, ingratitude ... At the end shines out the light of Easter. For love never ends." --Deluz

St. John Chrysostom, Homily 33:  And even if these good things should not turn out according to its hope, but the other person should prove yet more intolerable, it bears even these. For, saith he, it "endureth all things."

Adam Clarke:  Endureth all things.] panta upomenei?
Bears up under all persecutions and mal-treatment from open enemies and professed friends; bears adversities with an even mind, as it submits with perfect resignation to every dispensation of the providence of God; and never says of any trial, affliction, or insult, this cannot be endured.

John Gill's Exposition of the Bible:  endureth all things;
that are disagreeable to the flesh; all afflictions, tribulations, temptations, persecutions, and death itself, for the elect's sake, for the sake of the Gospel, and especially for the sake of Christ Jesus.

John W. Gregson:  It remains strong through adversity. Love is never hissed off the stage by a bad actor; it has its part to play on the stage of life.

Matthew Henry:  [Charity] will pass by and put up with injuries, without indulging anger or cherishing revenge, will be patient upon provocation, and long patient, panta hypomenei--holds firm, though it be much shocked, and borne hard upon; sustains all manner of injury and ill usage, and bears up under it, such as curses, contumacies, slanders, prison, exile, bonds, torments, and death itself, for the sake of the injurious, and of others; and perseveres in this firmness. Note, What a fortitude and firmness fervent love will give the mind! What cannot a lover endure for the beloved and for his sake! How many slights and injuries will he put up with! How many hazards will he run and how many difficulties encounter!

Jamieson, Fausset, & Brown:  endureth--persecutions in a patient and loving spirit.

BW Johnson:  Endureth all things. Endures patiently persecution and suffering. The cardinal quality of fortitude, hardihood, unyielding persistence is meant.

Mark Heber Miller:  (Love) endures all things.

The phrase is variously rendered: WMS: it gives us power to endure in anything; TCNT: ever patient; BER: endures without limit; NJB: to endure whatever comes; WEY: she is full of endurance. Some translations have made it apparent that "love" is being viewed in the feminine. (See Weymouth) Few could argue that a mother’s love lasts a lifetime. Mothers seldom give up on their children. So, they still treat full grown men as their little boys. One may always return to mother; and, often at death "mom" and "God" are final words.

Families must often endure the attitudes or actions of others within the household circle. It takes endurance to continue to love despite the worst. We experience this need for love’s endurance at work, at school, in our daily life. Though Paul has already mentioned "love is long-suffering (or patient)" this endurance must be something different. If love ever ends, or fails to endure, then it may not have been love in the first place. Agape-love continues to the last breath. It never tires of forgiving others because it does not put itself on such a lofty pedestal. Those with a "short-fuse" simply are not possessed of agape-love, but rather self-centered, egotistical arrogance.

Robertson's Word Studies:  {endureth all things} (panta hupomenei). Perseveres. Carries on like a stout-hearted soldier. If one knows Sir Joshua Reynolds's beautiful painting of the Seven Virtues (the four cardinal virtues of the Stoics--temperance, prudence, fortitude, justice--and the three Christian graces--faith, hope, love), he will find them all exemplified here as marks of love (the queen of them all).

Bill Turner:  Love endures all things with triumphant fortitude, "Panta hupomenei."

Love endures when it can no longer believe or hope. It endures without limit for the sake of others. The word for "endure," is, "hupomenei," the present indicative active of "hupomeno," which means, "to bear up courageously with triumphant fortitude." The same word is used in Heb.12v2., to describe how Jesus endured the cross with triumphant fortitude. Love does not allow trials to break or mar their spirit; it goes through trials with perfect confidence in God. Love endures all things so that the God of love may manifest His power and love through the lovely gifts that He has given. Indeed, one may have to suffer the most determined vicious persecution from unbelieving worldly and religious people for the sake of Christ's spiritual gifts. Acts.14v19-22. 13v50-62. 1Cor.4v11-13. 2Tim.2v10-13. James.1v12. God's love imparted to us by the Holy Spirit, enables Christians to always face life's problems and evil people with triumphant fortitude. Rom.5v1-5.

Vincent's Word Studies:  Endureth (upomenei). An advance on beareth: patient acquiescence, holding its ground when it can no longer believe nor hope.

Wesley's Explanatory Notes:  It endureth all things--Whatever the injustice, the malice, the cruelty of men can inflict. He can not only do, but likewise suffer, all things, through Christ who strengtheneth him.


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