Think On These Things

25 Lexical Fields of Virtue

Last Updated December 23, 2008

1. Purpose
- N: PROthesis (a setting forth ie fig proposal/intention, specifically the show bread as exposed before God), BOUle-ma, (a purpose or will, a deliberate intention), determination, self-actualization, intent, aim, design, goal, plan, ambition.
- NP: the called according to His purpose.
- V: bouLEUo- (to take counsel, resolve, mid to take counsel with onself, to determine with oneself).
- Ant:
  - N: aimlessness.
2. Gratitude
- N: CHAris (graciousness, esp. the divine influence upon the heart, and its reflection in the life; including gratitude; benefit, favour, gift, grace, gracious, joy, liberality, pleasure, thanks, thankworthy, ...), eucharisTIa (gratitude, grateful language, thanksgiving), appreciation, towDHA^H (prop. an extension of the hand i.e. by impl. avowal, or adoration; spec. a choir of worshippers; confession, praise, sacrifice of praise, thanks, thanksgiving, thank offering).
- V: eucharisTEo- (to be grateful i.e. to express gratitude, to express gratitude towards, spec. to say grace at a meal; give thanks), exomoloGEo- (to acknowledge, ...), ya^DA^H (a prim. root, lit. to use i.e. hold out the hand, to revere or worship as with extended hands; to praise, thank, give thanks, ...).
- VP: be grateful.
- A: euCHARistos (well-favored, grateful, thankful).
- Ant:
  - Ag: ingrate, thankless wretch.
  - V: gonGYzo- (to grumble; murmur), luwn or liyn (a prim. root; to stop, stay, lodge, hence to be obstinate, esp. in words, to complain; grudge, murmur, ...).
  - A: achARistos (thankless i.e. ungrateful; unthankful).
3. Wisdom
- N: GNO-sis (knowing, knowledge, science), soPHIa (wisdom higher or lower, wordly or spiritual; the insight into the true nature of things; the theoretical), PHRONe-sis (understanding, prudence, a right use of phre-n (the mind); the ability to discern modes of action with a view to their results; the practical; a particular application of soPHIa), SYNesis (understanding, intelligence; the critical faculty; a particular application of soPHIa), DA?ath (knowledge; cunning, know, knowledge, wittingly).
- V: ya^DHA? (a prim. root; to know, prop. to ascertain by seeing; used in a great variety of senses, incl. observation, recognition, instruction, designation; acknowledge, acquaintance, acquainted with, advise, assuredly, be aware, certainly, for a certainty, comprehend, consider, ...), cha^QAR (a prim. root; prop. to penetrate, hence to examine intimately; find out, search, search out, seek, seek out, try).
- Ant:
  - N: ignorance, folly.
  - A: ignorant.
- Caus:
  - N: clarity, lucidity.
  - V: teach, instruct, inform.
4. Purity
- N: purity, innocence, sinlessness, hagNOte-s (cleanness, blamelessness, pureness).
- V: za^KA^H (to be translucent, innocent, be/make clean, cleanse, be clear, count pure).
- A: AMemptos (irreproachable, blameless, faultless, unblamable), hagNOS (clean, innocent, modest, perfect, chaste, pure), ASpilos (morally or physically unblemished, without spot, unspotted).
- Hypo:
  - N: chastity.
  - A: vestal, virginal, chaste.
- Ant:
  - N: impurity, pollution.
  - V: t.a^ME^ (to be foul, especially in a ceremonial or moral sense, contaminated; defile, pollute, be/make unclean, adulterated, debased, contaminated, defiled), adulterate, contaminate, corrupt, pervert, subvert, demoralize, debauch, vitiate, deprave.
  - A: t.a^M'E^ (unclean, impure, foul in a religious sense, defiled, polluted, pollution).
  - Caus:
    - V: adulterate, debase, pollute, defile, contaminate,
    - A: adulterated, debased, polluted, defiled, contaminated
5. Concord
- N: symPHO-ne-sis (accordance, concord), henOTe-s (oneness i.e. fig. unanimity, unity), SYNdesmos (a joint tie i.e. ligament, fig. uniting principle, control, band, bond), synkaTAthesis (a deposition of sentiment in company with i.e. fig. accord with; agreement), harmony, concordance, congruity, agreement.
- N: esprit de corps.
- V: sympho-NEo- (to be harmonious i.e. fig. to accord, be suitable, concur; or stipulate by compact; agree together, agree with), euNOeo- (to be well minded i.e. reconcile; agree), concord.
- VP: be in agreement.
- A: SYMpsychos (co-spirited i.e. similar in sentiment, like-minded), homOphron (like-minded, harmonious, of one mind).
- Av: homothymaDON (unanimously, with one accord/mind), YACH-ad (unitedly, ...).
- PP: with one accord, with one mind.
- Hypo:
  - N: teamwork, collaboration, cooperation.
- Ant:
  - N: ma^DHOWN (a contest or quarrel; brawling, contention, contentious, discord, strife), m:DHA^N (discord, strife), midYA^N (brawling, contention, contentious).
  - A: phiLOneikos (fond of strife, disputatious, contentious), combative, litigious, disputative, contrary.
6. Peace
- N: eiRE-ne- (peace, prosperity, quietness, peace, rest), sha^LOM (safe i.e. fig. well, happy, friendly; also abstr. welfare i.e. health, prosperity, peace; completeness, soundness, safety, quiet, tranquillity, contentment; good health, peace, peaceable, prosper, prosperity, rest, safe, safely, salute, welfare, well, wholly, ...), sha^QAT. (a prim. root; to repose; appease, quiet, quietness, rest, settle, be still), serenity, calm, composure, equanimity.
- Ant:
  - N: tsa^RA^H (tightness i.e. fig. trouble, trans. a female rival; adversary, adversity, affliction, anguish, distress, tribulation, trouble), ha^MA^H (a prim. root, to make a loud sound, by impl. to be in great commotion or tumult, to rage, war, moan, clamor; clamorous, concourse, cry aloud, be disquieted, loud, mourn, be moved, make a noise, rage, roar, sound, be troubled, make in tumult, tumultuous, be in an uproar), agitation.
  - V: paroXYno- (to sharpen alongside, exasperate, easily provoke, stir).
7. Endurance
- N: perseverance, endurance, fortitude, persistence, tenacity, pertinacity, steadfastness, tolerance.
- V: hypoMEno- (remain, undergo, bear trials, have fortitude, persevere), kakopaTHEo- (to undergo hardship, be afflicted, endure afflictions, endure hardness, suffer trouble), anECHomai (to hold oneself upright, to bear up, hold out, endure), STEgo- (to endure patiently, to hold out, forbear, bear with, endure, ...), abide.
8. Joy
- N: chaRA (cheerfulness, calm delight, gladness), 'Esher (happiness; only in masc. pl. construction as interj. how happy!; blessed, happy), 'Osher (happiness; happy), joy, risibility.
- V: euthyMEo- (to cheer up i.e. intrans. be cheerful; neuter comparative adv. more cheerfully; be of good cheer, be merry), sa^MACH (prob. to brighten up i.e. fig. be/make blithe or gleesome).
- A: EUthymos (in fine spirits i.e. cheerful; of good cheer), upbeat, glad, blithe, blithesome, happy, buoyant, sunny, perky.
  - V: euPHRAino- (to put -- mid. or pass. be -- in a good frame of mind i.e. rejoice; make glad, be/make merry, rejoice).
- Ant:
  - A: skythro-POS (angry visaged; gloomy or affecting a mournful appearance; of sad countenance), sad, cheerless, uncheerful, moody, depressed, dejected, disconsolate.
9. Courtesy
- N: courtesy, politeness, order, honor, respect, esteem.
- A: honorable, venerable, reputable, admirable, worthy, eugeNE-S (noble), euARestos (wellpleasing, acceptable), prosphiLE-S (friendly towards, acceptable, lovely), lovable, winsome, gracious, KOSmios (orderly, decorous, modest), euSCHE-mo-n (comely, decorous), DOkimos (approved, acceptable).
- AP: well-pleasing unto God.
- Ant:
  - N: rudeness, mocking.
  - V: asche-moNEo- (to act unbecoming), disesteem, atiMAzo- (to dishonor), atiMOo- (to maltreat), enTREpomai (to withdraw because of public shame), kataiSCHYno- (to put to shame).
  - VP: To behave in an ugly, indecent, unseemly, or unbecoming manner. Be disgraced, suffer reproach.
  - A: aSCHE-mo-n (uncomely, indecent), Atopos (out of place, improper), aisCHROS (shameful).
10. Self-Control
- N: enKRAteia (self-control, continence, temperance), self-discipline, self-mastery, self-restraint, moderation, frugality, abstinence.
- Ag: ascetic.
- A: abstemious, ascetical, nonindulgent, abstinent, spartan.
- Ant:
  - N: self-indulgence, addiction, aSELgeia (incontinence, licentiousness, lasciviousness, wantonness).
- Hypo:
  - N: gluttony.
  - Ag: glutton, gourmand.
- Hypo:
  - N: lust.
11. Piety
- N: euSEBeia (devotion, piety toward God, godliness, well-directed reverence), theoSEbeia (reverence toward God, godliness), euLABeia (godly fear), laTREIa (service for hire or as a slave, divine service).
- NP: filial duty.
- V: euseBEo- (to be reverent, pious), SEBomai (to worship, to reverence), seBAzomai (to stand in awe of someone, to reverence, venerate, worship), laTREUo- (to serve, to worship God).
- A: euseBE-S (reverent, pious, devout, godly), theoseBE-S (godly, devout).
- Av: euseBO-S (piously, religiously, in a holy manner).
- Ant:
  - N: aSEBeia (impiety, wickedness, ungodliness).
  - Adj: aseBEIS.
12. Patience
- N: makrothyMIa (longanimity i.e. obj. forbearance or subj. fortitude; longsuffering, patience), tolerance.
- V: makrothyMEo- (to be long-spirited, forbearing, patient, longsuffering).
- A: unruffled.
- AP: 'erekh:-ruwach ('slow-of spirit', fr. a^RE^K: long; long [-suffering], patient, slow [to anger], ...; and RUWach wind, by resemb. breath i.e. a sensible or even violent exhalation; fig. life, anger, unsubstantiality; by extens. a region of the sky; by resemb. spirit but only of a rational being including its expression and functions; air, anger, blast, breath, courage, mind, spirit, spiritual, wind, windy, ...).
- Ant:
  - N: impatience, annoyance, vexation, botheration, irritability, exasperation.
  - A: annoyed, cranky, irritable, nettlesome, peevish, peckish, pettish, petulant, scratchy, testy, tetchy, techy, fractious.
13. Humility
- N: tapeinophroSYne- (humility, lowliness of mind), humbleness, praOte-s (gentleness, humility, meekness), praYte-s (mildness, humility, meekness), epieiKE-S (appropriate i.e. by impl. mild; gentle, moderation, patient).
- A: tapeiNOS (low, humble, lowly, modest), self-effacing, meek.
- Hypo:
  - N: obedience, submission, compliance, obeisance, tractability, tractableness.
  - Ant:
    - N: skle-rokarDIa (hard heartedness i.e. spec. destitution of spiritual perception; hardness of heart).
    - NP: hardness of heart.
    - A: fractious, froward, headstrong, self-willed, willful, disobedient, perverse, wayward, obstinate.
- Ant:
  - N: alazoNEIa (braggadocio, self-confidence, boasting, pride), hypere-phaNIa (haughtiness, pride), phySIo-sis (a swelling of pride or ambition, arrogance), pride, alaZO-N (boaster), self-conceit, narcissism.
  - V: perperEUomai (to boast, vaunt onself), brag, physiOo- (to inflate, blow or puff up).
  - A: hyperE-phanos (appearing above others, conspicuous, haughty), ostentatious, arrogant, self-important, chesty.
14. Love
- N: aGApe- (love, charity, affection, ...), philadelPHIa (brotherly love), philanthro-PIa (fondness of mankind, philanthropy, love towards man, ...), 'ahaBA^H (love).
- V: agapAo- (to love in a social or moral sense), loved, beloved), phiLEo- (to be a friend to, to be fond of an individual or an object i.e. have affection for -- denoting personal attachment, as a matter of sentiment or feeling; while agapAo- is wider, embracing especially the judgment and the deliberate assent of the will as a matter of principle, duty and propriety), 'a^HAB (to have affection for, like, ...).
- A: philOStorgos (fond of natural relatives i.e. fraternal towards fellow Christians; kindly affectioned).
- Ant:
  - N: hatred, sin'A^H (hate, hate exceedingly), 'e^yBA^H (hostility, enmity, hatred), mast.e^MA^H (enmity, hatred), ECHthra (hostility, enmity, hatred).
15. Contentment
- N: contentment, simplicity.
- V: arKEo- (fig. be satisfactory, be content, be enough, suffice, be sufficient).
- A: auTARke-s (self-complacent, i.e. contented), aphilARgyros (unavaricious, without covetousness, not greedy of filthy lucre), satisfied.
- Ant:
  - N: PHTHOnos (envy, jealousy, spite, ill-will), covetousness, greed, BEtsa' (plunder, gain [usually unjust], covetousness, [dishonest] gain, ...).
  - V: ze-LOo- (to have warmth of feeling for or against, to covet, desire, be jealous over), qa^NA^' (to be/make zealous i.e. jealous or envious), ba^TSA' (covet, be covetous, gain greedily, be given to covetousness, greedy, ...).
  - A: emulous, discontented, avaricious, covetous, greedy.
16. Compassion
- N: oiktirMOS (compassion, pity, the feeling of mercy), Eleos (mercy), elee-moSYne- (mercifulness, the expression of mercy), sympathy, empathy, consolation, solace.
- NP: SPLANCHna oiktirMOU (bowels of compassion), fellow feeling.
- V: cha^MAL (commiserate, have compassion on, ...), ra^CHAM (to compassionate, ...), chuws. (a prim. root, prop. to cover i.e. fig. to compassionate; pity, regard, spare), sympaTHEo- (to feel sympathy with, to commiserate, have compassion on, be touched with a feeling of), splanchNIzomai (to feel sympathy, to pity, to be moved with compassion), eleEo- (to compassionate, have compassion or pity on, have or obtain or receive or show mercy), oikTEIro- (to exercise pity, have compassion on), metriopaTHEo- (to be moderate in passion, that is, gentle -- to treat indulgently -- have compassion), comfort.
- A: EUsplanchnos (compassionate, sympathetic), sympaTHE-S (having a fellow feeling, sympathetic, mutually commiserative, having compassion one of another), rachUWM (compassionate, merciful), supportive.
- Ant:
  - N: skle-ROte-s (hardness, obstinacy, stubbornness), PO-ro-sis (hardness, callousness, blindness, insensitivity), indifference.
  - A: callous, indurate, pachydermatous.
17. Courage
- N: THARsos (courage, cheer, cheerful mind), bravery, fearlessness.
- V: tharREo- (to be of good cheer, have courage, be full of hope and confidence, to be bold), tharSEo- (to be of good cheer, have courage), tolMAo- (to have courage, boldness, confidence to do something, to venture, dare, to show oneself bold, to act with boldness, confidence against someone or something).
- A: timid, cowardly, fainthearted.
- Hypo:
  - N: parrhe-SIa (all out spokenness i.e. frankness, bluntness, publicity; by impl. assurance; bold, boldly, boldness, boldness of speech, confidence, ...).
- Ant:
  - N: PHOBos (alarm or fright; be afraid, fear exceedingly, fear, terror), deiLIa (timidity; fear), DEos (dread), MERimna (anxiety, care that brings disruption to the personality and the mind).
  - V: phoBEo- (to frighten, put in fear, terrify, frighten, to be alarmed, become fearful, afraid, terrified, be in awe, revere, fear exceedingly), PHEBomai (to be put in fear), merimNAo- (to be anxious, troubled, to care, to take thought), PHRISso- (to "bristle" or chill i.e. shudder from fear; tremble), deiliAo- (to be timid; be afraid).
  - A: deiLOS (timid i.e. by impl. faithless; fearful).
  - Caus:
    - N: PHOBe-tron (a frightening thing i.e. terrific portent; fearful sight).
    - A: phoberOS (frightful i.e. objectively formidable; fearful, terrible).
18. Justice
- N: dikaioSYne- (equity, justification, righteousness), ts:da^QA^H (rightness, rectitude, justice, virtue, prosperity, justice, right, righteous, act righteously, righteousness ...), fairness, morality.
- A: upright.
- Caus:
  - N: diKAio-sis (acquittal, justification).
  - V: dikaiOo- (to render i.e. show or regard as just or innocent; justify, justifier, be righteous, ...).
- Ant:
  - N: evil, adiKIa, (injustice, moral wrongfulness, iniquity, unrighteousness, wrong).
  - A: depraved, immoral, reprobate, perverted.
19. Forgiveness
- N: forgiveness, Aphesis (forgiveness, remission, pardon, deliverance, liberty, freedom), PAresis (the temporary bypassing of sin), hilasMOS (atonement, propitiation), katallaGE- (reconciliation, restoration, exchange, a change or reconciliation from a state of enmity between persons to one of friendship), apokaTAStasis (a restoration of a thing to its former condition).
- V: forgive, pardon, excuse, STEgo- (to roof over, cover with silence, to conceal, forbear, bear with, ...).
- A: forgiving, s.a^lLA^CH (placable, ready to forgive).
- Caus:
  - N: repentance, confession.
  - V: repent, confess, admit, placate, appease, apologize.
  - VP: say "I'm sorry", make a clean breast of.
- Ant:
  - N: bitterness, resentment, unforgiveness, n:qa^MA^H (avengement, avenge, revenge, vengeance), retaliation, requital, rage, anger, fury.
  - V: piKRAIno- (to embitter), condemn, accuse, denounce, stigmatize.
  - VP: loGIzomai to kaKON (to reckon evil), get even.
  - A: ametanoE-tos.
20. Kindness
- N: philanthro-PIa (kindness, benevolence), agatho-SYne- (goodness, virtue, beneficence), benignity, well-doing, helpfulness, generosity, philanthro-PIa (human friendship, philanthropy, benevolence), generosity, chre-STOte-s (usefulness, moral excellence in character or demeanor, gentleness, goodness, kindness), mildness, goodwill, grace.
- V: chre-STEUo-mai (to show oneself useful, act benevolently).
- A: PHIlos (friendly), good-natured, warm-hearted, humane, obliging, gracious.
- Hypo:
  - N: hospitality.
  - A: phiLOxenos (fond of guests, hospitable, given to hospitality).
- Ant:
  - N: unkindness, selfishness, egoism.
  - V: persecute, oppress.
  - VP: treat harshly.
21. Gravity
- N: semNOTe-s (venerableness i.e. probity; gravity, honesty), seriousness.
- A: semNOS (venerable i.e. honorable; grave, honest).
- Ant:
  - N: revelry, frivolity.
  - NP: coarse jesting.
22. Faith
- N: PIStis (faith, firm persuasion, conviction, belief in the truth, veracity, reality), trust, confidence, commitment, allegiance, loyalty, dedication.
- Ag: believer.
- V: believe, trust.
- VP: have confidence in, put one's trust in, believe in, believe on.
- Caus:
  - N: PIStis (faithfulness, good faith, sincerity), aphtharSIa (incorruptibility, genuineness, incorruption, sincerity), tom integrity, completeness, prosperity, innocence, full, perfection, simplicity, uprightness, ...), fidelity, honesty, truthfulness, probity, integrity, veracity.
  - A: reliable, dependable.
- Ant:
  - N: apisTIa (faithlessness, disbelief, unfaithfulness/disobedience, unbelief), disbelief, distrust.
  - Ag: unbeliever.
  - Caus:
    - N: hypocrisy, deceit, guile.
    - NP: a lying tongue.
    - V: deceive.
23. Hope
- N: elPIS (expectation, confidence, faith, hope), tiqWA^H (lit. a cord as an attachment; fig. expectancy; expectation, hope, thing that I long for, ...), miqWEH (something waited for i.e. confidence obj. or subj.; hope, ...), KEs.el (prop. fatness i.e. by impl. lit. the loin as the seat of the leaf fat, or gen'ly the viscera; also fig. silliness or trust; confidence, hope, ...), towCHEleth (expectation; hope), BEt.ach (prop. a place of refuge; abstr. safety, both the fact, security, and the feeling, trust; often adv. or without prep. safely; assurance, boldly, without care, confidence, hope, ...), S.E^ber (expectation; hope), bit.t.a^CHOWN (trust; confidence, hope).
- Ag: optimist.
- V: elPIzo- (to expect or confide), ya^CHAL (a prim. root, to wait, by impl. to be patient, hope; cause to or have or make to hope, tarry, trust, wait, ...), cha^S.A^H (a prim. root, to flee for protection, fig. to confide in; have hope, make refuge, put trust, trust), sa^VAR (a prim. root, to scrutinize; by impl. of watching, to expect with hope and patience; hope, tarry, wait, ...).
- A: optimistic.
- Ant:
  - N: despair, desperation.
  - V: exapoREomai (to be utterly at a loss i.e. to despond; despair, in despair), ya^'ASH (a prim. root; to desist i.e. fig. to despond; despair, cause to despair, one that is desperate, be no hope).
  - A: pessimistic, despondent, dejected.
24. Diligence
- N: spouDE- ("speed" i.e. by impl. despatch, eagerness, earnestness; business, earnest care, carefulness, diligence, forwardness, haste), ergaSIa (occupation, by impl. profit, pains; craft, diligence, gain, work), industry, drive.
- V: spouDAzo- (to use speed i.e. to make effort, be prompt or earnest; do/give diligence, be diligent/forward, endeavour, labour, study).
- VP: work hard, do your best.
- A: ma^CHIR (quick, skillful, ready) , cha^RUTS (sharp-pointed, sharp, diligent), busy, hardworking.
- Av: ME'odh (prop. vehemence i.e. vehemently, by impl. wholly, speedily, etc, often with other words as an intensive or superlative, especially when repeated; diligently, fast, might, mightily, mighty, ...), spoudaIOTeron (more earnestly than others i.e. very promptly; very diligently).
- Ant:
  - N: sloth, slacker.
  - A: r:miYA^H (deceitful, false, guile, idle, slack, slothful), slothful, lazy, faineant, indolent, otiose, work-shy, shiftless, negligent.
25. Holiness.
- N: hagiasMOS (purification, purity, holiness, sanctification), hosiOte-s (piety, holiness), QOdesh (a sacred place or thing; sanctity; consecrated thing, dedicated thing, hallowed thing, holiness, holy, most holy, saint, sanctuary), qa^DOSH (ceremonially or morally sacred; God, an angel, a saint, a sanctuary; holy One, saint), sanctitude, sanctum.
- NP: holy place.
- A: HAgios (sacred -- physically pure, morally blameless or religious, ceremonially consecrated). sacred, holy.
- AP: set apart.
- Caus:
  - V: qa^DASH (to be/make/pronounce/observe as clean ceremonially or morally; consecrate, dedicate, defile, hallow, be/keep holy, purify, sanctify, ...), bless.
  - A: beatified, blessed, consecrated, sanctified, hallowed.
- Ant:
  - N: unholiness.
  - A: unholy, profane.
  - Caus:
    - N: desecration.
    - V: desecrate, unhallow, deconsecrate.
    - A: unconsecrated, unsanctified.
Legend:
N = Noun
Ag = Agent Noun
NP = Noun Phrase
V = Verb
VP = Verb Phrase or Phrasal Verb
A = Adjective
AP = Adjective Phrase
Av = Adverb
Ant = Antonym
Hypo = Hyponym
Caus = Causative